*** Negative *** [] not any [] = not _exists (B) Franklin is on team 2 and Jones is not on any team. (D) Franklin is not on any team and Jones is on team 1. Tate does not attend any session on the third day. (C) Maria and Suki do not attend any session together. (D) Maria and Tate do not attend any session together. If she selects one or more K, then she does not select any O. If she selects one or more M, then she does not select any N. [] cannot any + plural [] = not poss _exists singular 12. If all the snakes are female and each of the lizards has a habitat to itself, then which one of the following habitats CANNOT contain any snakes? Rosenberg cannot evaluate any two introductory textbooks consecutivelv. (E) Juarez does not evaluate any two introductory textbooks consecutively. (C) Juarez does not evaluate any two introductory textbooks in a row. 12. If all the snakes are female and each of the lizards has a habitat to itself, then which one of the following habitats CANNOT contain any snakes? [] cannot any + singular [] = not poss _exists singular Rosenberg cannot evaluate any introductory textbook until Juarez has evaluated that textbook. Juarez cannot evaluate any advanced textbook until Rosenberg has evaluated that textbook. 23. Which one of the following treatments CANNOT be prescribed for any case? 21. If Barbara selects fish of as many species as possible, then she cannot select any fish of which one of the following species? 6. At most, how many snakes can occupy cage Y at any one time? 20. Which one of the following is an employee who CANNOT be ranked first in any one of the three areas? [] no any + singular [] = not _exists No two candidates will speak in the same time slot as each other at any meeting. [] no any other + plural [] = not exists _exists plural A showroom contains exactly six new cars -- T, V, W, X, Y, and Z -- each equipped with at least one of the following three options: power windows, leather interior, and sunroof. No car has any other options. The following conditions must apply: [] no any other + singular [] = not exists _exists singular No car can be the same color as any car next to it in line. No store is decorated with lights of the same color as those of any store adjacent to it. The stand does not carry any other kind of fruit. No truck arrives at the same time as any other truck each tape is to be assigned to a different time slot, and no tape is longer than any other tape [] none of any other + singular [] = not exists _exists singular For each of the three areas, none of the five employees receives the same ranking as any other employee does. For each of the three areas, none of the five employees receives the same ranking as any other employee does. None of the videocassette recorders has any special feature that is not one of these three. [] neither nor any [] = not (or) _exists (C) Neither S nor T speaks fifth at any of the meetings. featured on day 7, nor on any day that features Himalayans. Neither Maria nor Suki attends any session on investing. *** Positive *** [] any one of whom/which chould [] = _forall poss sponsors any one of whom could be among the sponsors assigned to pieces any of which could be first on the recording? 4. If Hall views the site on day 2, which one of the following is a complete and accurate list of investors any one of whom 17. If Nguyen goes to a soccer game, then which one of the following is a complete and accurate list of the persons any one of 2. Which one of the following is a complete and accurate list of the positions any one of which can be the position to which K is assigned? 2. Which one of the following is a complete and accurate list of the bills any one of which could be among the bills paid on Wednesday? 21. Which one of the following is a complete and accurate list of classes any one of which could be the class Gimena attends? 3. Which one of the following is a complete and accurate list of clerks, any one of whom could stock aisle 3? 4. Which one of the following is a complete and accurate list of aisles, any one of which could be one of the aisles Manny stocks? 16. Considering only the six seats in which members of the Kim family could sit, which one of the following is a complete and accurate list of those seats any one of which could be empty? 17. Which one of the following is a complete and accurate list of those members of the Kim family any one of whom could sit in seat H2? 22. What is the maximum possible number of different pilot and co-pilot teams, any one of which could be assigned to flight 4? 5. If Z is placed in the fifth position, then which one of the following is a complete and accurate list of the positions, any one of which could be H's position? 11. What is the maximum possible number of the soft drink names any one of which could be among the three most popular? 20. Which one of the following is a complete and accurate list of the islands any one of which could be directly connected by bridge with L? 4. If Altman sits immediately next to Bari, then which one of the following is a complete and accurate list of executives any one of whom could also sit 9. What is the maximum possible number of cases any one of which could be the one the court processed on Monday morning? 11. If the court processed Cases B, C, and D in alphabetical order, then what is the maximum number of different schedules any one of which the court could have had for the entire week? 19. Which one of the following is a complete and accurate list of the rankings any one of which could be the ranking given to Connie in punctuality? which one of the following is a complete and accurate list of those time slots any one of which could be the time slot in which R speaks at meeting 1 [] any (one) of the following except +could [] = _forall * poss *=if not.. []: note: any takes scope over poss, regardless of their relative syntactic position table 1 could include any of the following EXCEPT: remain in effect, any of the following could be true EXCEPT: 5. If Gwen is assigned to bench 4 and Xavier is assigned to bench 3, then any one of the following could be true EXCEPT: 12. If the messenger delivers M at some time after delivering O, the fifth package delivered could be any one of the following EXCEPT: 22. If Feld serves on the panel in a given year, any one of the following could serve on the panel that year EXCEPT: 18. If the Japanese award is presented at some time before the Swahili award is presented, any of the followin2 could be true EXCEPT: 2. The news tape can be played in any one of the following time slots [] any N who ... any N of... any of the N... any N [reduced relative clause] [] = _forall (= dynamic [exists Ant => Cons] ) Any candidate who speaks fifth at any of the meetings must speak first earlier in the week than is any tour of the Production division. Any cage containing a gerbil also contains at least one hamster; any cage containing a hamster also contains at least one gerbil. Any cage containing a lizard also contains at least one snake; any cage containing a snake also contains at least one lizard. If Fleure left any message, Pasquale and Theodore did also, all of Pasquale's preceding any of Theodore's. It Pasquale left any message, Hildy and Liam did also, all of Hildy's preceding any of Liam's. [] different any other [] = different every other 22. If brand R has a combination of special features different from any of the other brands, then which one of the following statements must be true? [] earlier than any [] = _forall x earlier(b,x) (A) A tour of the Sales division is scheduled for some day earlier in the week than is any tour of the Production division. (B) A tour of the Operations division is scheduled for some day earlier in the week than is any tour of the Production division. *** numeric *** [] at most two any given together [] = not _exists at-least-three At most two Capital employees attend any given session together. [] no more than one any two [] = not at-least-2 _exists two No more than one bridge directly connects any two islands. *** conditional *** [] if any then [] dynamic [exists => ] If Greta left any message, Fleure and Pasquale did also. If Fleure left any message, Pasquale and Theodore did also, all of Pasquale's preceding any of Theodore's. It Pasquale left any message, Hildy and Liam did also, all of Hildy's preceding any of Liam's. If she selects any O at all, then she selects at least two O. [] if not any then [] = [(not _exists) => ] (my theory predicted it would be _forall because two negative contexts. [] = [ (_forall not) => .. ] 20. If Barbara does not select any fish of species P, then it could be true that she selects fish of species [try] If any fish of species P is not selected by Barbara, then ambig between: [ (_exists not) => ] and [ (_forall not) => .. ] (equivalent to above, but less likely) [try] It's not the case that I didn't see any dog. not not _exists or not _forall not (my theory also fails) [try] It's not the case that I saw any dog that barked. not forall dog saw It's not the case that I saw any dog. ? ambiguous between not forall and not exists(?) [try] any dog does not bark _forall not or: not _exists any dog can see every man who does not own every car forall dog poss forall man [and forall car not ...] [try] any dog can see some cat forall dog exists cat some cat can be seen by any dog exists cat forall dog poss see for now we could say that any is ambiguous between forall and exists, but how can we filter logically equivalent readings? maybe: don't let 'any' float, with zero negation and condition => forall with one negation => exists with conditional + zero outscoping negations => exists with conditional + one outscoping negation => exists "it's not the case that" does not count as negation [try] if no man saw any dog then .. [ [not exists _exists] => ] [try] If any owl hunts mice then .. ambiguous between forall and exists [try] if john saw any message then it.. [ [_exists] => ] if john saw any message left by bill then it/*it.. ambiguous between forall and exists *** other *** [] without any replace which one of the following committee members on a committee without violating any of the conditions governing the composition of the committees? [] any two do not [] = _forall pairs any two professors hired in the same year or in consecutive years do not have a specialty in common.